[1] Citado en H. THOMAS, Armed Truce. The beginnings of the Cold War, 1945-1946, Nueva York, 1987, p. 53. <<
[2] R. OVERY, The Road to War, Londres, 1989, pp. 1-23. <<
[3] M. KELLOG, The Russian Roots of Nazism. White Emigrés and the Making of National Socialism, 1917-1945, Cambridge, 2005. <<
[4] J. R. ELTING et al., El Centro de la Telaraña, op. cit., vol. I, p. 71. <<
[5] Véase al respecto T. MASON, «The Legacy of 1918 for National Socialism», en Social Policy in the Third Reich: The Working Class and the «National Community», Oxford, 1993. <<
[6] Citado en A. BULLOCK, Hitler. A Study in Tyranny, op. cit., p. 313. <<
[7] P. NOEL-BAKER, The first World Disarmament Conference, 1932-33, and why it failed, Nueva York, 1979. <<
[8] M. LAFFAN, «Weimar and Versailles: German Foreign Policy, 1919-1933», en M. LAFFAN (ed.), The Burden of German History, 1919-1945, Londres, 1988. <<
[9] El estudio más detallado es el de C. T. EMMERSON, The Rhineland Crisis, 7 march 1936, Londres, 1977. <<
[10] W. CARR, Poland to Pearl Harbor. The Making of the Second World War, Londres, 1985. <<
[11] H. H. HALL, «The origins of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement», en Historical Journal, vol. 19, 1976. <<
[12] R. A. C. PARKER, «Great Britain, France and the Ethiopian Crisis», en Historical Journal, vol. 17, 1974. <<
[13] G. BAER, Test case, Italy, Etiopía and the League of Nations, Stanford, 1977. <<
[14] L. MOSLEY, Haile Selassie: The Conquering Lion, Londres, 1964, p. 216. <<
[15] Véase E. MORADIELLOS, El reñidero de Europa. Las dimensiones internacionales de la guerra civil española, Barcelona, 2001. Sobre la aportación militar a los bandos en guerra, véase el estudio de G. HOWSON, Armas para España, Barcelona, 2000. <<
[16] Detalles de la conferencia en N. DAVIES, Europe. A History, op. cit., p. 988. <<
[17] F. HOSSBACH, Zwischen Wehrmacht und Hitler, 1934-1938, Gotinga, 1965, p. 186. <<
[18] «The Hossbach Memorandum», 10 de noviembre de 1937, en Documents on German Foreign Policy, 1918-1945, serie D, vol. 1, Londres, 1993. <<
[19] M. BROSZAT, The Hitler State, op. cit., p. 298. <<
[20] M. BLOCH, Ribbentrop, Londres, 1994. <<
[21] J. FEST, The Face of the Third Reich, op. cit., p. 178. <<
[22] Citado en L. RESS, The Nazis. A Warning From History, op. cit., p. 85. <<
[23] J. FEST, The Face of the Third Reich, op. cit., p. 181. <<
[24] A. J. P. TAYLOR, The origins of the Second World War, Londres, 1961. <<
[25] G. WEINBERG, The foreign policy of Hitler’s Germany, Chicago, 1971, pp. 287-295. Véase también, G. STOAKES, Hitler and the quest for world dominion. Nazi ideology and foreign policy in the 1920s, Leamington, 1986, pp. 30-63. <<
[26] D. A. LOWE, The Anschluss movement, 1931-1938, and the great powers, Londres, 1985. <<
[27] J. GEHL, Austria, Germany and the Anschluss, 1933-1938, Oxford, 1963. <<
[28] H. AULUCH, «Britain and the Sudeten issue», en Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 18, 1983. <<
[29] The Times, 28 de septiembre de 1938. <<
[30] I. KERSHAW, Hitler, 1936-1939, op. cit., p. 174. <<
[31] La crisis de Múnich ha originado un gran debate. Entre las obras más destacadas véanse K. ROBBINS, Múnich, 1938, Londres, 1968; P. W. SCHROEDER, «Múnich and the British tradition», en Historical Journal, vol. 19, 1976; T. TAYLOR, Múnich: the price of peace, Londres, 1979; y J. WHEELER-BENNETT, Múnich: prologue to tragedy, Londres, 1948. <<
[32] Sobre la política de «apaciguamiento» véanse F. MCDONOUGH, «Why appeasement?», en P. CATTERALL (ed.), Britain, 1918-1951, Oxford, 1994; R. A. C. PARKER, Chamberlain and appeasement: British Policy and the coming of the Second World War, Londres, 1993; y W. J. MOMMSEN y L. KETTENACKER (eds.), The Fascist Challenge and the policy of appeasement, Londres, 1983. <<
[33] Citado en M. DOMARUS, Hitler: Reden und Proklamationen, 1932-1945, Wiesbaden, 1973, p. 1178. <<
[34] M. NUREK, «Great Britain and the Baltic in the Last Months of Peace», en J. HIDEN y T. LANE (eds.), The Baltic and the Outbreak of the Second World War, Cambridge, 1992, pp. 25-31. <<
[35] S. NEWMAN, March 1939, the British guarantee to Poland: a study in the continuity of British foreign policy, Oxford, 1976. <<
[36] S. SEBAG MONTEFIORE, Stalin. The Court of the Red Tsar, Nueva York, 2004, p. 307. <<
[37] El delegado británico escribió un relato de su misión en R. P. ERNLE-ERLE-DRAX, «Mission to Moscow. August, 1939», en Naval Review XL, agosto de 1952. <<
[38] L. NAMIER, Europe in Decay: A Study in Disintegration, Londres, 1950, p. 242. Véase también, G. ROBERTS, «The Alliance that Failed: Moscow and the Triple Alliance Negotiations, 1939», en European Studies Review, núm. 7, 1977. <<
[39] M. BLOCH, Ribbentrop, op. cit., pp. 240 y ss. <<
[40] R. C. TUCKER, Stalin in Power. The Revolution from Above, 1928-1941, Nueva York, 1992, cap. 10, The Diplomacy of Rapprochemente with Germany, pp. 224-237. <<
[41] G. ROBERTS, «The Soviet decisión for a pact with Germany», en Soviet Studies, vol. 44, 1992. D. C. WATT, «The initiation of negotiations leading to the Nazi-Soviet Pact: A historical problem», en C. ABRAMSKY (ed.), Essays in honour of E. H. Carr, Londres, 1974. <<
[42] R. E. POWASKY, La Guerra Fría. Estados Unidos y la Unión Soviética, 1917-1991, Barcelona, 2000, p. 62. <<
[43] Citado en J. TOLAND, Adolf Hitler, op. cit., p. 821. <<
[44] H. KISSINGER, Diplomacia, Barcelona, 1994, p. 500. <<
[45] H. THOMAS, Armed Truce. The beginnings of the Cold War, 1945-1946, Nueva York, 1987, p. 53. <<
[46] M. SÉLLER y A. NEKRICH, Utopia in power: The history of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the present, Londres, 1982, p. 353. <<
[47] Véase, por ejemplo, W. MICHALKA, «From the Anti-Commitern Pact to the Euro-Asiatic Bloc: Ribbentrop’s Alternative Concept of Hitler’s Foreign Policy Programme», en H. W. KOCH, Aspects of the Third Reich, Londres, 1986. <<
[48] A. SPEER, Inside the Third Reich, op. cit., p. 162. <<
[49] Ambas citas se encuentra recogidas en P. SCHMIDT, Europa entre bastidores. Del Tratado de Versalles al juicio de Núremberg, Barcelona, 2005, p. 525. <<
[50] Citado en G. GRAIG, Germany 1866-19455, Nueva York, 1978, pp. 711-712. <<
[51] A. CLARK, Barbarossa The Russian-German conflict. 1941-1945, Nueva York, 1985, p. 25. <<
[52] R. J. RUMMEL, Lethal politics: Soviet mass murder and politics since 1917, New Brunswick, 1990. <<
[53] Véase E. M. ROBERTSON, «Hitler turns from the west to Russia. May-December, 1940», en R. BOYCE y E. M. ROBERTSON (eds.), Paths to War, Londres, 1989. <<
[54] Las complejas relaciones germano-rusas entre 1939 y 1941 están muy bien descritas en A. READ y D. FISHER, The Deadly Embrace. Hitler, Stalin and the Nazi-Soviet pact, 1939-1941, Nueva York, 1988. <<
[55] G. ROBERTS, The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Second World War. 1933-1941, Londres, 1995, pp. 129-131. <<
[56] A. BULLOCK, Hitler and Stalin. Parallel lives, op. cit., p. 690. <<
[57] A. WHEATCROFT y R. OVERY, The Road to war, op. cit., p. 250. <<
[58] R. CECIL, Hitler’s Decision to invade Russia, 1941, Nueva York, 1975, p. 107. <<
[59] H. KISSINGER, Diplomacia, op. cit., p. 521. <<
[60] Un análisis de las opciones estratégicas de Hitler en H. MAGENHEIMER, Hitler’s War. Germany’s Key Strategic Decisions, 1940-1945, Londres, 1998. Sobre la decisión de invadir la Unión Soviética, pp. 41-69. <<
[61] O. MANNINEN, «Operation Barbarossa and the Nordic Countries», en H. S. NIS-SEN (ed.), Scandinavia during the Second World War, Minnesota, 1983, p. 139. <<
[62] A. BULLOCK, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, Londres, 1990, p. 651. <<
[63] R. SALA ROSE, Diccionario crítico de mitos y símbolos del nazismo, Barcelona, 2003, p. 115. Véanse también The world of General Haushofer: Geopolitics in action, Nueva York, 1966. D. T. MURPHY, The Heroic Earth: Geopolitical Thought in Weimar Germany, 1918-1933, Ohio, 1997. <<
[64] J. ERICSON, The Road to Stalingrad. Stalin’s war with Germany, Londres, 1975, p. 48. <<
[65] A. BULLOCK, Hitler and Stalin: Parallel lives, op. cit., p. 746. <<
[66] J. SNELL (ed.), The Outbreak of the Second World War, Londres, 1962, p. VII. <<
[67] J. JOLL, Europe since 1870, Londres, 1973, p. 298. <<
[68] E. H. CARR, The Twenty Years Crisis: 1919-1939. An Introduction to the Study of International Relations, Londres, 2001. <<
[69] P. M. H. BELL, «Fifty Years on: Some recent books on the coming of the Second World War in Europe», en Historical Journal, vol. 32, 1989. <<
[70] A. LENTIN, The Versailles Peace Conference: peacemaking with Germany, Londres, 1991. <<
[71] A. LENTIN, Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson and the Guilt of Germany, Londres, 1986, p. 132. <<
[72] Para un examen detallado del debate sobre la política exterior de Hitler véanse K. BRACHER, «The role of Hitler: perspectives of interpretation», en W. LAQUEUR (ed.), Fascism: A reader’s guide, Londres, 1979; J. HIDEN y J. FARQUHARSON, Explaining Hitler’s Germany, Londres, 1983; K. HILDEBRAND, The Third Reich, op. cit.; e I. KERSHAW, The Nazi dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation. <<
[73] Véase la introducción «La Mente de Hitler», en H. R. TREVOR-ROPER, Las conversaciones privadas de Hitler, op. cit., pp. XXI-XXXIV. <<
[74] I. KERSHAW, The Nazi Dictatorship: problems and perspectives of interpretation, op. cit., p. 110. <<
[75] K. HILDEBRAND, The Foreign Policy of the Third Reich, Londres, 1973. <<
[76] A. BULLOCK, Hitler: A Study in Tyranny, op. cit. Véase también A. BULLOCK, «Hitler and the origins of the Second World War», en E. M. ROBERTSON (ed.), The origins of the Second World War, Londres, 1971. <<
[77] Véase A. J. P. TAYLOR, The Origins of the Second World War, op. cit. <<
[78] A. J. P. TAYLOR, The Origins of the Second World War, op. cit.; las citas en pp. 68-69. <<
[79] K. D. BRACHER, The German Dictatorship, Londres, 1973. <<
[80] H. A. JACOBSEN, Nationalsozialistische Aussenpolitik, 1933-1938, Frankfurt, 1968. <<
[81] H. MOMMSEN, «National Socialism: Continuity and Change», en W. LAQUEUR (ed.), Fascism: a reader’s guide, op. cit. <<
[82] M. BROSZAT, The Hitler State, op. cit. <<
[83] W. SCHIEDER, «Spanischer Bürgerkrieg und Vierjahresplan. Zur Struktur nationalsozialistischer Aussenpolitik», en W. MICHALKA (ed.), Nationalsozialistische Aussenpolitik, Darmstadt, 1978, pp. 325-359. <<
[84] I. KERSHAW, The Nazi Dictatorship. Problems & Perspectives of Interpretation, op. cit.; R. OVERY, Por qué ganaron los Aliados, op. cit., p. 30. <<
[85] A. ADAMTHWAITE, The Lost Peace: International Relations, 1918-1939, Londres, 1980. <<
[86] R. HENIG, Versailles and after, 1919-1913, Londres, 1984. <<
[87] P. KENNEDY, The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers and the Declines of the European States System, 1914-1945, Londres, 1983. <<
[88] M. MACMILLAN, París 1919, six months that changed the world, Nueva York, 2002. <<
[89] R. OVERY, The Origins of the Second World War, Londres, 1987, p. 27. <<
[90] Sobre el particular véanse I. KERSHAW, The Nazi dictatorship. Problems and Perspectives of interpretation, op. cit.; y G. ELEY, «What produces Fascism: Preindustrial Traditions or a Crisis of the Capitalist State?», en Politics and Society, núm. 12, 1983, pp. 53-82. <<
[91] T. W. MASON, Social Policy in the Third Reich, op. cit., cap. 1. <<
[92] J. HEYL, «Hitler’s Economic Thought. A reappraisal», en Central European History, vol. 6, 1973. <<
[93] H. HILDEBRAND, The Third Reich, op. cit. <<
[94] H. TREVOR-ROPER, Las conversaciones privadas de Hitler, op. cit., p. 499. <<
[95] Véanse R. OVERY, «German “domestic crisis”, and the war in 1939», en Past and Present, núm. 116, 1987; y R. J. OVERY, «Hitler’s War and the German Economy: A reinterpretation», op. cit., pp. 272-291. <<
[96] R. J. OVERY, «Hitler’s War and the German Economy: A Reinterpretation», en Economic History Review, vol. 35, 1982, pp. 272-291. <<
[97] F. FISCHER, From Kaisserreich to Third Reich. Elements of continuity in German history, 1871-1945, Londres, 1986. <<
[98] El debate sobre la continuidad de la política exterior alemana se encuentra en R. EVANS, «From Hitler to Bismarck: Third Reich and Kaiserreich in recent historiography», en Historical Journal, vol. 26, 1984. Véase también K. JARAUSCH, «From Second to Third Reich: The problem of continuity in German Foreign Policy», en Central European History, núm. 12, 1979, pp. 68-82. <<
[99] G. ELEY, «Conservatives and Nationalists in Germany: The production of Fascist potentials, 1912-1928», en M. BLINKHORN (ed.), Fascists and Conservatives, Londres, 1994. <<
[100] A. HILLGRUBER, Hitlers Strategie, Politik and Kriegführung, 1940-1941, Frankfurt, 1965. La visión de Hitler para el mundo de la posguerra en G. L. WEINBERG, Visions of Victory. The hopes of eight World War II leaders, Nueva York, 2005, pp. 5-39. <<
[101] F. MCDONOUGH, The Origins of the First and Second World Wars, Cambridge, 1997, p. 93. <<