^[1] Alper, B. S., Hand, J. A., Elliott, S. G., Kinkade, S., Hauan, M. J., Onion, D. K. y otros, «How much effort is needed to keep up with the literature relevant for primary care?», Journal of the Medical Library Association, vol. 92, 2004, págs. 429-437. <<

^[2] Moon, J. C., Flett, A. S., Godman, B. B., Grosso, A. M., Wierzbicki, A. S., «Getting better value from the NHS drug budget», British Medical Journal, vol. 341, 17 de diciembre de 2010, c6449. <<

^[3] El gasto en mercadotecnia es un tema polémico, dado que la industria tiende a rebajar la cifra. Recomiendo el siguiente trabajo de acceso gratuito que ofrece un resumen numérico, los métodos en que se inspira y una discusión crítica de otras estimaciones: Gagnon, M-A., Lexchin, J., «The Cost of Pushing Pills: A New Estimate of Pharmaceutical Promotion Expenditures in the United States», PLoS Medicine, vol. 5, n.° 1, 3 de enero de 2008, e1. <<

^[4] Gilbody, S., Wilson, P., Watt, I., «Benefits and harms of direct to consumer advertising: a systematic review», Quality and Safety in Health Care, vol. 14, n.° 4, 2005, págs. 246-250. <<

^[5] Kravitz, R. L., Epstein, R. M., Feldman, M. D., Franz, C. E., Azari, R., Wilkes, M. S. y otros, «Influence of patients’ requests for direct-to-consumer advertised antidepressants: a randomized controlled trial», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 293, n.° 16, 27 de abril de 2005, págs. 1995-2002. <<

^[6] Iizuka, T., «What explains the Use of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs?», Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 52, n.° 3, 2004, págs. 349-379. <<

^[7] NICE Guidance, «CG17 Dyspepsia: full guideline», Clinical Guidelines, ​http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG17/Guidance/pdf/English. <<

^[8] Law, M. R., Soumerai, S. B., Adams, A. S., Majumdar, S. R., «Costs and Consequences of Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Clopidogrel in Medicaid», Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 169, n.° 21, 23 de noviembre de 2009, págs. 1969-1974. <<

^[9] Vi por primera vez los ejemplos de Reynolds, Bacall, Lowe y Serial Mom en Petersen, M., Our Daily Meds: How the Pharmaceutical Companies Transformed Themselves into Slick Marketing Machines and Hooked the Nation of Prescription Drugs, Picador, 2009, pág. 32. <<

^[10] Eisenberg, D., «It’s an Ad, Ad, Ad World», Time [Internet], 26 de agosto de 2002 [citado el 25 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,344045,00.html. <<

^[11] «Stars Profit From Covert Drug Pitches» - CBS News [Internet] [citado el 15 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.cbsnews.com/2100-207_162-520l96.html. <<

^[12] Ibídem. <<

^[13] Alzheimer’s Campaign Piques Public and Media Interest, PR News, 21 de mayo, 2001. Disponible en ​http://www.prnewsonline.com/news/4782.html <<

^[14] Keidan, J., «Sucked into the Herceptin maelstrom», British Medical Journal, vol. 334, n.° 7583, 6 de enero de 2007, pág. 18. <<

^[15] Wilson, P. M., Booth, A. M., Eastwood, A., Watt, I. S., «Deconstructing Media Coverage of Trastuzumab (Herceptin): An Aanalysis of National Newspaper Coverage», Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, vol. 101, n.° 3, 1 de marzo de 2008, págs. 125-132. <<

^[16] «The selling of a wonder drug» - Science - The Guardian [Internet] [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2006/mar/29/medicineandhealth.health. <<

^[17] Ibídem. <<

^[18] Para mayor claridad, no hay pruebas de que ninguna empresa estuviera implicada en promocionar a Barbara Moss en los medios de comunicación. El caso ilustra simplemente la ineptitud melodramática de la cobertura sobre los nuevos fármacos para el cáncer. <<

^[19] Castrén, E., «Is mood chemistry?», Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol. 6, n.° 3, 1 de marzo de 2005, págs. 241-246. <<

^[20] The Pittsburgh Tribune Review, 4 de febrero de 2007. <<

^[21] Lacasse, J. R., Leo, J., «Serotonin and Depression: A Disconnect between the Advertisements and the Scientific Literature», PLoS Medicine, vol. 2, n.° 12, 8 de noviembre de 2005, e392. <<

^[22] Petersen, M., Our Daily Meds: How the Pharmaceutical Companies Transformed Themselves into Slick Marketing Machines and Hooked the Nation on Prescription Drugs, Picador, 2009, pág. 102. <<

^[23] Ibídem. <<

^[24] Leo, J., Lacasse, J., «The Media and the Chemical Imbalance Theory of Depression», Society, vol. 45, n.° 1, 18 de febrero de 2008, págs. 35-45. <<

^[25] Este test ha sido modificado; la descripción original sigue online en «Web-MD’s Depresión Test Has Only One (Sponsored) Answer: You’re “At Risk”» - CBS News [Internet] [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en http://www.cbs-news.com/8301-505123_162-42844266/webmds-depression-test-has-only-one-sponsored-answer-youre-at-risk/?tag=bnetdomain. <<

^[26] Ebeling, M., «”Get with the Program!»: Pharmaceutical marketing, symptom checklists and self-diagnosis, Social Science & Medicine, vol. 73, n.° 6, septiembre de 2011, págs. 825-832. <<

^[27] Laumann, E. O., Paik, A., Rosen, R. C., «Sexual Dysfunction in the United States Prevalence and Predictors», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 281, n.° 6, 10 de febrero de 1999, págs. 537-544. <<

^[28] «THE NATION: BETTER LOVING THROUGH CHEMISTRY; Sure, We’ve Got a Pill for That» - New York Times [Internet] [citado el 27 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.nytimes.com/1999/02/14/weekinreview/the-nation-better-loving-through=chemistry-sure-we-ve-got-a-pill-for-that.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm. <<

^[29] Moyniham, R., «The making of a disease: female sexual dysfunction», British Medical Journal, vol. 326, n.° 7379, 2003, págs. 45-47. <<

^[30] Moyniham, R., «Company launches campaign to “counter”, British Medical Journal claims», British Medical Journal, vol. 326, n.° 7381, 18 de enero de 2003, pág. 120. <<

^[31] Tiefer, L., «Female Sexual Dysfunction: A Case Study of Disease Mongering and Activist Resistance», PLoS Medicine, vol. 3, n.° 4, 11 de abril de 2006, el78. <<

^[32] Ibídem. <<

^[33] Ibídem. <<

^[34] «Testosterona Patches for Female Sexual Dysfunction», Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin, vol. 47, n.° 3, 1 de marzo de 2009, págs. 30-34. <<

^[35] Durand, M., «Pharma’s Advocacy Dance» [Internet]. Successful Product Manager’s Handbook, 2006 [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.pharmexec.com/pharmexec/Articles/Pharmas-Advocacy-Dance/Article Standard/Article/detail/377999. <<

^[36] HAI Europe Research Article, «Patient & Consumer Organisations at the EMA: Financial Disclosure & Transparency», 11 de agosto de 2010; escrito por Katrina Perehudoff y Teresa Leonardo Alves. <<

^[37] HAI, «The Patient & Consumer Voice and Pharmaceutical Industry Sponsorship» [Internet] [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/en/m/abstract/Js17767en/. <<

^[38] «Drug firms bankroll attacks on NHS», The Independent, 1 de octubre de 2008. <<

^[39] «Analysis: Are patient protests being manipulated?», The Independent, 1 de octubre de 2008. <<

^[40] «Health chief attacks drug giants over huge profits» - UK news - The Observer [Internet] [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/aug/17/pharmaceuticals.nhs. <<

^[41] Spurling, GK., Mansfield, P. R., Montgomery, B. D., Lexchin, J., Doust, J., Othman, N. y otros, «Information from Pharmaceutical Companies and the Quality, Quantity, and Cost of Physicians’Prescribing: A Systematic Review», PLoS Medicine, vol. 7, n.° 10, 19 de octubre de 2010, el000352. <<

^[42] Azoulay, P., «Do pharmaceutical sales respond to scientific evidence?», Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, vol. 11, n.° 4, 2002, págs. 551-594. <<

^[43] Heimans, L., van Hylckama Vlieg, A., Dekker, F. W., «Are claims of advertisements in medical journals supported by RCTs?», Netherlands Journal of Medicine, vol. 68, n.° 1, enero de 2010, págs. 46-49. <<

^[44] Villanueva, P., Peiro, S., Librero, J., Pereiro, I., «Accuracy of pharmaceutical advertisements in medical journals», The Lancet, vol. 361, n.° 9351, enero de 2003, págs. 27-32. <<

^[45] Spielmans, G. I., Thielges, S. A., Dent, A. L., Greenberg, R. P., «The accuracy of psychiatric medication advertisements in medical journals», Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, vol. 196, n.° 4, abril de 2008, págs. 267-273. <<

^[46] Van Winkelen, P., van Denderen, J. S., Vossen, C. Y., Huizinga, T. W. J., Dekker, F. W., for the SEDUCE study group, «How evidence-based are the advertisements in journals regarding the subspecialty of rheumatology?», Rheumatology, vol. 45, n.° 9, 1 de septiembre de 2006, págs. 1154-1157. <<

^[47] Othman, N., Vitry, A., Roughead, E. E., «Quality of Pharmaceutical Advertisements in Medical Journals: A Systematic Review», PLoS ONE, vol. 4, n.° 7, 22 de Julio de 2009, e6350. <<

^[48] Gibson, L., «UK government fails to tackle weaknesses in drug industry», British Medical Journal, vol. 331, n.° 7516, 10 de septiembre de 2005, págs. 534-540. <<

^[49] Wilkes, M. S., Kravitz, R. L., «Policies, practices, and attitudes of North American medical journal editors», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 10, n.° 8, agosto de 1995, págs. 443-450. <<

^[50] Via: Cooper, R. J., Schriger, D. L., Wallace, R. C., Mikulich, V. J., Wilkes, M. S., «The Quantity and Quality of Scientific Graphs in Pharmaceutical Advertisements», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 18, n.° 4, abril de 2003, págs. 294-297. «Polling of the audience occurred as part of the discussion of the oral presentation of this abstract», Fourth International Congress on Peer Review [Internet]. Disponible en ​http://www.ama-assn.org/public/peer/prc_program2001.htm#ABSTRACTS. <<

^[51] Les complacerá también leer ciertos libros escritos por representantes retirados de la industria farmacéutica, por ejemplo, Reidy, J. Hrad Sell, The Evolution of a Viagra Salesnian, Andrews McMeel Publishing, 2005. <<

^[52] Rockoff, J. D., «Drug Reps Soften Their Sales Pitches», Wall Street Journal [Internet], 10 de enero de 2012 [citado el 22 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://online.wsj.com/article/SB1000​14240​52970​20433​13045​77142​7630​14776​148.html. <<

^[53] Fugh-Berman, A., Ahari, S., «Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors», PLoS Medicine, vol. 4, n.° 4, abril de 2007. <<

^[54] Soyk, C., B. Pfefferkorn, P., McBride y R. Rieselbach, «Medical student exposure to and attitudes about pharmaceutical companies», World Medical Journal, vol. 109, 2010, págs. 142-148. <<

^[55] Fischer, M. A., Keough, M. E., Baril, J. L., Saccoccio, L., Mazor, K. M., Ladd, E. y otros, «Prescribers and Pharmaceutical Representatives: Why Are We Still Meeting?», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 24, n.° 7, julio de 2009, págs. 795-801. <<

^[56] Morgan, M. A., Dana, J., Loewenstein, G., Zinberg, S., Schulkin, J., «Interactions of doctors with the pharmaceutical industry», Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 32, n.° 10, octubre de 2006, págs. 559-563. <<

^[57] Hodges, B. «Interactions with the pharmaceutical industry: experiences and attitudes of psychiatric residents, interns and clerks», Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De l’Association Medicale Canadienne, vol. 153, n.° 5, 1 de septiembre de 1995, págs. 553-559. <<

^[58] Spurling, G. K., Mansfield, P. R., Montgomery, B. D., Lexchin, J., Doust, J., Othman, N. y otros, «Information from Pharmaceutical Companies and the Quality, Quantity, and Cost of Physicians’Prescribing: A Systematic Review», PLoS Medicine, vol. 7, n.° 10, 19 de octubre de 2010, el000352. <<

^[59] Chren, M. M., Landefeld, C. S. «Physicians’ behavior and their interactions with drug companies. A controlled study of physicians who requested additions to a hospital drug formulary», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 271, n.° 9, 2 de marzo de 1994, págs. 684-689. <<

^[60] Ladd, E. C., Mahoney, D. F., Emani, S., «“Under the radar”: nurse practitioner prescribers and pharmaceutical industry promotions», The American Journal of Managed Care, vol. 16, n.° 12, 2010, e358-362. <<

^[61] Zipkin, D. A., Steinman, M. A., «Interactions Between Pharmaceutical Representatives and Doctors in Training», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 20, n.° 8, agosto de 2005, págs. 777-786. <<

^[62] Spingarn, R. W., Berlin, J. A., Strom, B. L., «When pharmaceutical manufacturers’ employees present grand rounds, what do residents remember?», Journal of Academy of Medical Sciences, vol. 71, n.° 1, enero de 1997, págs. 86-88. <<

^[63] Wazana, A., «Physicians and the Pharmaceutical Industry: Is a Gift Ever Just a Gift?», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 283, n.° 3, 19 de enero de 2000, págs. 373-380. <<

^[64] Lurie, N., Rich, E. C., Simpson, D. E., Meyer, J., Schiedermayer, D. L., Goodman, J. L. y otros, «Pharmaceutical representatives in academic medical centers: interaction with faculty and housestaff», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 5, n.° 3, junio de 1990, págs. 240-243. <<

^[65] Fugh-Berman, A., Ahari, S., «Following the Script: How Drug Reps Make Friends and Influence Doctors», PLoS Medicine, vol. 4, n.° 4, abril de 2007. <<

^[66] Ibídem. <<

^[67] Sismondo, S., «How pharmaceutical industry funding affects trial outcomes. Casual structures and responses», Social Science & Medicine, vol. 66, n.° 9, zoos, págs. 1909-1914. <<

^[68] Completed cases - PMCPA Website [Internet] [citado el 26 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.pmcpa.org.uk/Pq=node/868. <<

^[69] Completed cases – PMCPA Website [Internet] [citado el 26 marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.pmcpa.or.uk/?q=node/883. <<

^[70] Órlowski, JP., Wateska, L., «The effects of pharmaceutical firm enticements on physician prescribing patterns. Therels no such thing as free lunch», C/vest, vol. 102, n.° 1, julio de 1992, págs. 270-273. <<

^[71] Steinbrook, R., «For sale: physicians’ prescribing data», New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 354, n.° 26, 29 de junio de 2006, págs. 2745-2747. <<

^[72] Physician Data Restriction Program (PDRP) [Internet] [citado el 22 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/about-ama/physician-data-resources/ama-database-licensing/amas-physician-data-restriction-program.page. <<

^[73] Outterson, K., «Higher First Amendment Hurdles for Public Health Regulation», New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 365, n.° 7, 18 de agosto de 2011, el3. <<

^[74] Zipkin, D. A., Steinman, M. A., «Interactions Between Pharmaceutical Representatives and Doctors in Training», Journal of General Internal Medicine, vol. 20, n.° 8, agosto de 2005, págs. 777-786. <<

^[75] Wislar, J. S., Flanagin, A., Fontanarosa, P. B., DeAngelis, C. D., «Honorary and ghost authorship in high impact biomedical journals: a cross sectional survey», British Medical Journal, vol. 343, 25 de octubre de 2011, d6128. <<

^[76] Gøtzsche, P. C., Hróbjartsson, A., Johansen, H. K., Haahr, M. T., Altman, D. G., Chan, A-W, «Ghost Authorship in Industry-Initiated Randomised Trials», PLoS Medicine, vol. 4, n.° 1, 16 de enero de 2007, el9. <<

^[77] Charles E. Grassley, «Ghost writing in the medical literature», 111° Congress, United States Senate Committee on Finance Sen, 2010, [citado el 24 marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.grassley.senate.gov/about/upload/Senator-Gras sley-Report.pdf. <<

^[78] Richard Horton PI 108, House of Commons - Health - Minutes of Evidence [Internet] [citado el 24 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmhealth/42/4121604.htm. <<

^[79] Galanter, M., Galanter, M., Felstiner, W. L. F., Friedman, L. M., Girth, M., Goldstein, P. y otros, «Why the haves come out ahead: Speculations on the limits of legal change», Law Society Review, vol. 9, 1974, págs. 95-169. <<

^[80] «Lilly “Ghostwrote” Articles to Market Drug, Files Say (Update 2)» - Bloomberg [Internet] [citado el 24 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news? pid=newsarchive&sid=a6yFu_t9NyTY. <<

^[81] ​http://www.psychiatrynorthwest.co.uk/general_adult_ psychiatry/spr_posts/salford-haddad/index.html. <<

^[82] Medical Press Pre-Launch Feature Outline, Zyprexa MDL 1596, confidential subject to protection order ZY2001876608, http://www.zyprexalitigation documents.com//per rent5Cdocuments per cent5CConfidentiality-Challenge per cent5 CDocs-challenged-in-16-3 -list per cent5C145-ZY200187608-7614.pdf. <<

^[83] Drug Industry Document Archive [Internet] [citado el 24 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://didalibrary.ucsf.edu/. <<

^[84] Drug Industry Document Archive [Internet] [citado el 24 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/tid/anu38h10. <<

^[85] Ibídem. <<

^[86] Ross, J. S., Hill, K. P., Egilman, D. S. y Krumholz H. M., «Guest authorship and ghostwriting in publications related to rofecoxib: A case study of industry documents from rofecoxib litigations», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 299, 2008, págs. 1800-1812. <<

^[87] POGO Letter to NIH on Ghostwriting Academics [Internet]. Project On Government Oversight, [citado el 24 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://www.pogo.org/pogo-files/letters/public-health/ph-iis-20 1 01 129.html. <<

^[88] ​http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/30/business/30drug.html. <<

^[89] ​http://pogoblog.typepad.com/pogo/gw-attachment-e.html. <<

^[90] Lacasse, J. R., Leo, J., «Ghostwriting at Elite Academic Medical Centers in the United States», PLoS Medicine, vol. 7, n.° 2, 2 de febrero de 2010, e1000230. <<

^[91] Matheson, A., «How Industry Uses ICJME Guidelines to Manipulate Authorship - And How They Should Be Revised», PLoS Medicine, vol. 8, n.° 8, 2011, el001072. <<

^[92] Dyer, O., «Journal rejects article after objections from marketing department», British Medical Journal, vol. 328, n.° 7434, 31 de enero de 2004, 244-b-244. <<

^[93] Fugh-Berman, A., Alladin K. Chow, J., «Advertising in Medical Journals: Should Current Practices Change?», PLoS Medicine, vol. 3, n.° 6, 2 de mayo de 2006, el30. <<

^[94] Becker, A., Dörter, F., Eckhardt, K., Viniol, A., Baum, E., Kochen, M. M. y otros, «The association between a journal’s source of revenue and the drug recommendations made in the articles it pub1ishes», Canadian Medical Association Journal, 28 de febrero de 2011. Disponible en ​http://www.cmaj.ca/content/early/2011/02/28/cmaj.l00951. <<

^[95] Smith, R., «Medical Journals Are an Extension of the Marketing Arm of Pharmaceutical Companies», PLoS Medicine, vol. 2, n.° 5, 17 de mayo de 2005, el38. <<

^[96] AUTH/2424/8/11 y AUTH/2425/8/11 - «General Practitioner v Boehringer Ingelheim and Lilly». Disponible en ​http://www.pmcpa.org.uk/?q=node/998. <<

^[97] Handel, A. E., Patel, S. V., Pakpoor, J., Eben, G. C., Goldacre, B., Romagopalan, S. V., «High reprint orders in medical journals and pharmaceutical industry funding: case-control study», British Medical Journal, vol. 344, 28 de junio de 2012, e4212. <<

^[98] Jefferson, T., Di Pietrantonj, C., Debalini, M. G., Rivetti, A., Demicheli, V., «Relation of study quality, concordance, take home message, funding, and impact in studies of influenza vaccines: systematic review», British Medical Journal, vol. 338, 12 de febrero de 2009, b354. <<

^[99] ​http://classic.the-scientist.com/blog/display/55679/. <<

^[100] ​http://elsevier.com/wps/find/authored-_newsitem.cws_home/companynews05_01203. <<

^[101] Bowman, M. A., «The impact of drug company funding on the content of continuing medical education», Möbius: A Journal for Continuing Education Professionals in Health Sciences, vol. 6, n.° 1, 1 de enero de 1986, págs. 66-69. <<

^[102] Bowman, M. A., Pearle, D. L., «Changes in drug prescribing patterns related to commercial company funding of continuing medical education», Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions, vol. 8, n.° 1, 1 de enero de 1988, págs. 13-20. <<

^[103] The Carlat Psychiatry Blog: PRMS [Internet] [citado el 31 de marzo de 2012]. Disponible en ​http://carlatpsychiatry.blogspot.co.uk/search/laber/PRMS. <<

^[104] Stephan Sahm, «Of mugs, meals and more: the intricate relations between physicians and the medical industry», Medicine, health care, and philosophy, 2011. <<

^[105] Avorn, J., Choudhry, N. K., «Funding for Medical Education: Maintaining a Healthy Separation from Industry», Circulation, vol. 121, n.° 20, 25 de mayo de 2010, págs. 2228-2234. <<

^[106] L. Garattini y otros, «Continuing Medical Education in six European countries: A comparative analysis», Health policy, vol. 94, n.° 3, 2010, págs. 246-254. <<

^[107] Eckardt, V. F., «Complimentary journeys to the World Congress of Gastroenterology - an inquiry of potential sponsors and beneficiaries», Z Gastroenterol, vol. 38, n.° 1, enero de 2000, págs. 7-11. <<

^[108]. ​http://www.pmlive.com/find_an_article/allarticles/categories/General/2011/november_2011/features/cme_​continuing_​medical_​education_​change. <<

^[109] US Senate Committee on Finance, Committee Staff Report to the Chairman and Ranking Member: Use of Educational Grants by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers, Washington, DC, Government Printing Office, 2007. <<

^[110] Hensley, S., Martínez, B., «To sell their drugs, companies increasingly rely on doctors», Wall Street Journal (East Ed), 15 de julio de 2005, A1, A2. <<

^[111] Tabas, J. A., Boscardin, C., Jacobsen, D. M., Steinman, M. A., Volberding, P. A., Baron, R. B., «Clinical Attitudes About Commercial Support of Continuing Medical Education: Results of a Detailed Survey», Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 17, n.° 9, 9 de mayo de 2011, págs. 840-846. <<

^[112] Wang, Amy T. y otros, «Association between industry affiliation and position on cardiovascular risk with rosiglitazone: cross sectional systematic review», British Medical Journal, vol. 340, n.° 18, 18 de marzo de 2010, c1344. <<

^[113] Rothman, K. J., Evans, S., «Extra scrutiny for industry funded trials», British Mealical Journal, vol. 331, 2005, págs. 1350-1351. <<

^[114] Wager, E., Mhaskar, R., Warburton, S., Djulbegovic, B., «The Journal of the American Medical Association Published Fewer Industry-Funded Studies after Introducing a Requirement for Independence Statistical Analysis», PLoS ONE, vol. 5, n.° 10,2010, el3591.doiz10.1371/journal.pone.0013591 <<

^[115] Chalmers, T. C., Frank, C. S., Reitman, D., «Minimizing the Three Stages of Publication Bias», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 263, n.° 10, 9 de marzo de 1990, pág. 1392-1395. <<

^[116] Chaudhry, S. y otros, «Does declaration of competing interests affect readers’ perceptions? A randomised trial», British Medical Journal, vol. 325, n.° 7377, 14 de diciembre de 2002, págs. 1391-1392. <<

^[117] «Reporting on Conflicts of Interest in Meta-analyses of Trials of Pharmacological Treatments», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 305, n.° 10, 2011, 1008-1017.dOi: 10.1001/jama.2011.257. <<

^[118] Loewenstein, G., Sah, S., Cain, D. M., «The Unintended Consequences of Conflict of Interest Disclosure», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 307, n.° 7, 15 de febrero de 2012, págs. 669-670. <<

^[119] Cain, D. M., Loewenstein, G., Moore, D. A., «The dirt on coming clean: perverse effects of disclosing conflicts of interest», Journal of Legal Issues, vol. 34, 2005, le25. <<

^[120] Campbell, E. G., Weissman, J. S., Ehringhaus, S. y otros, «Institutional academic industry relationships», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 298, 2007, págs. 1779-1786. <<

^[121] ​http://www.propublica.org/series/dollars-for-docs. <<

^[122] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/doctors-dine-on-drug-companies-dime. <<

^[123] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/do1lars-for-docs-sparkspolicy-rewrite-at-colorado-teaching-hospitals. <<

^[124] ​http://www.propublica.org/ article/medical-schoo1s-plug-holes-in-conflict-of-interest-policies. <<

^[125] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/dollars-to-doctors -physician-disciplinary-records/single. <<

^[126] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/drug-companies-reduce payments-to-doctors-as-scrutiny-mounts. <<

^[127] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/piercing-the-veil-more-drug-companies-reveal-payments-to-doctors. <<

^[128] Carlowe, J., «Drug companies to declare all payments made to doctors from 2012», British Medical Journal, vol. 341, 5 de noviembre de 2010, c6290. <<

^[129] Tuffs, A., «Two doctors in Germany are convicted of taking bribes from drug company», British Medical Journal, vol. 341, 9 de noviembre de 2010, c6359. <<

^[130] ​http://www.fcaalert.com/2011/02/articles/dojhhs-releases-new-statistics-about-sealed-qui-tam-cases/. <<

^[131] Sweet, M., «Experts criticise industry sponsorship of articles on health policy in Australian newspaper», British Medical Journal, vol. 343, 25 de octubre de 2011, d6903. <<

^[132] ​http://www.pmcpa.org.uk/?q=node/499. <<

^[133] ​http://www.propublica.org/documents/items/87376-heart-rhythm-society. <<

^[134] ​http://www.propublica.org/article/medical-groups-shy-about-detailing-industry-financial-support. <<

^[135] Kassirer, J. P., On the Take: How Medicine’s Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health, Oxford University Press, USA, 2004, 1.ª ed. <<

^[136] ​http://www.eatright.org/corporatesponsors/. <<

^[137] Kassirer. J. P., On the Take: How Medicine’s Complicity with Big Business Can Endanger Your Health, Oxford University Press, USA, 2004, la ed., pág. 105. <<

^[138] Choudry, N. K., Stelfox, H. T., Detsky, A. S., «Relationships between authors of clinical practice guidelines and the pharmaceutical industry», Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 287, n.° 5, 6 de febrero de 2002, págs. 612-617. <<

^[*] ¿Fue un error? Las propias «orientaciones de transparencia» son laxas y confusas: no fijan plazos para la notificación, por ejemplo. La EMA hizo fuertes objeciones al publicarse el informe de HAI en 2010. «Están equivocados —dijo—: las asociaciones de pacientes nos notifican sus subvenciones, pero no las comunican al público, y nosotros tampoco». Yo creo que se puede afirmar que esto es indicativo del enfoque que tiene la EMA sobre la transparencia en general. La única intervención que hizo que esas asociaciones declarasen quién las subvencionaba fue el llamamiento de HAI con un cuestionario, lo cual demuestra el poder —como instrumento de política pública— de poner a alguien en apuros. <<

^[*] Otro de los motivos es que los juicios sientan precedentes y así son más fáciles de ganar futuros pleitos contra la empresa. Por ello, las empresas negocian antes de que el caso llegue a los tribunales para no correr el riesgo de una sentencia adversa, lo que se traduce en que controlan el discurso legal público y el discurso público académico. Hay un trabajo sobre el tema, «Why the Haves Come Out Ahead», que es uno de los más citados en el ámbito académico^[79]. <<

^[*] Para este y todos los textos anteriores destacados con la misma tipografía consultar: ​http://zyprexalitigation​documents.com​/%5Cdocuments​%5CConfidentiality-Challenge​%5CDocs-challenged​-in-10-3-list%5C145​-ZY200187608-7614.pdf. <<

^[*] Drug Industry Document Archive [Internet]. Disponible en ​http://dida.library.ucsf.edu/pdf/vou38h10. <<

^[*] ​http://pogoblog.typepad.com/pogo/gw-attachment-e.html. <<